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Method 1 Select the names of Task 4 and Task 5. Rename it to Summary Task 1. Method 2 You can click Task 4 row. You can rename the Task. Here it is renamed as Summary Task 1. Now select Task 4 and Task 5. For example, Task 2 can start once Task 1 has finished. These dependencies are called Links. A Guide to the Project Management Body of Knowledge PMBOK Guide does not define the term dependency, but refers to it as a logical relationship, which in turn is defined as a dependency between two activities, or between an activity and a milestone.
In MS Project, the first task is called a predecessor because it precedes tasks that depend on it. The following task is called the successor because it succeeds, or follows tasks on which it is dependent.
Any task can be a predecessor for one or more successor tasks. Likewise, any task can be a successor to one or more predecessor tasks. There are only four types of task dependencies, here we present them with examples.
Most used. One does not have to finish collecting survey response before starting the tabulation. Least used. Method 1 Select the two tasks you want to link. In the following screenshot taken as an example, we have selected names, Task 1 and Task 2. Task 1 and Task 2 are linked with a Finish-to-Start relationship.
A drop down box appears with all Tasks defined in the project. Choose the predecessor task. Click OK. Here I have chosen Task 3. All tasks get linked. To select non-adjacent tasks, hold down Ctrl key and select each task separately. Respect Links If you are in Manually Scheduled mode, any change in duration of the predecessor task will not reflect on Start date of Task 4.
Scheduling is controlled in two ways. Manual Scheduling: This is done to quickly capture some details without actually scheduling the tasks. It calculates values such as task durations, start dates, and finish dates automatically. It takes into accounts all constraints, links and calendars. For example, at Lucerne Publishing, the new book launch plan has been reviewed by the resources who will carry out the work and by other project stakeholders.
Although you expect the plan to change somewhat as you learn more about the book launch, you now have enough confidence in the overall plan to switch from manual to automatic task scheduling. Converting Task to Automatic Schedule We have three different methods to convert a task to automatic schedule.
Method 1 If you want to change the mode for a particular task, say Task 5 in the following example. Click on Task Mode cell in the same row. Then, click the down arrow to open a dropdown box, you can select Auto Scheduled.
Method 3 To switch completely to Auto Schedule mode: Toggle the scheduling mode of the plan by clicking the New Tasks status bar at the bottom-left and then selecting Auto scheduling mode. Go to File tab and click Options. They can be people, equipment, facilities, funding, or anything except labor required for the completion of a project task. Optimum Resource Scheduling is the key to successful project management.
Travel expenses, food expenses, etc. For example, paint being used while painting a wall. Note: Be aware of the crucial difference between People and Equipment resources. People resources will have limited work hours, say 6, 8 or 12 hours. Equipment resources have different working capacities of 2, 8 or 24 hours and could have maintenance breaks as well.
Also note, that it is possible multiple people resources might be using one equipment resource, or one equipment might be accomplishing multiple tasks. Enter Work Resource Names You can enter resource names according to your convenience. Click the cell directly below the Resource Name heading column. Enter Resources as an individual person, job function or group.
The resource is available full-time on each workday. If a resource does not represent an individual person but a job function, where a group of people with the same skill set can work on the task, we can enter larger Max Units to represent the number of people in the group. Click the Max. Units field for the Engineers resource. Press Enter. Units would mean you expect the resource capacity to be lower than a full-time resource.
Click the cell directly below Resource Name heading column. Enter Resource as an individual or job function. You can also enter overtime rates for work resources. Standard rates are calculated on per hour basis. Costs per use on the other hand are costs that do not vary with task. Cost per use is a set fee used up to complete a task. There are three types of resources: work, material, and cost. Like paint being used while painting a wall. People resources will have limited work hours say 6, 8 or 12 hours.
Equipment resources can have different working capacities of 2, 8 or 24 hours and could have maintenance breaks as well. Also note that it is possible multiple people resources might be using one equipment resource, or one equipment might be accomplishing multiple tasks.
Cost resources do not use pay rates. Remember cost per use and cost resources are two different things. Cost resources are financial cost associated with a task, like travel expenses, food expenses, etc.
The cost value of cost resource is only assigned when you assign cost resource to a task. MS Project will not automatically apply overtime calculations. Click the cell directly below Resource Name heading column to create Resources. Click the Std. Rate field for each resource to costs in hourly default , daily, weekly, monthly and yearly rates. In the following example, the resource Rasmus is left at zero. Click the Ovt. Rate field to enter overtime rates.
Double-click the Resource, a Resource Information dialog box opens. Click on Notes tab. Hovering over it will make the note appear. Set Up Cost Resources You can use a cost resource to represent a financial cost associated with a task in a plan. Examples of cost resources are travel, food, entertainment and training.
So it is obvious that cost resources do no work on a task and do not affect scheduling of a task. Cost value of the cost resource is entered when assigning it to a task. Click the empty cell in the Resource Name column. Type Training and press the Tab Key. In the Type field, click the down arrow to select Cost. MS Project — Assign Resources to Task MS Project Once the task and resource list are complete, resources need to be assigned to tasks in order to work on them.
With MS Project you can track task progress, resource and tasks costs. Click the box below the Resource Name column for the task you need the resource to be assigned. From the dropdown, choose the resource name. In the following screenshot as an example. You can also select multiple resources to work on a single task. Now click the Assign button. Double-click the Task Name. Click the Resources tab. Click the cell below the Resource Name column.
Select the resource from the dropdown list. The window is split in two, Gantt Chart view and Task Form view below it. In the Task Form view, click under the Resource Name column and select the resource.
We can also assign other material resources to the same task. In the Gantt Chart view, you can also look at the project summary task, to note the duration, start and finish dates of the plan.
In the following example, Assign Resources is the project summary task identified as Task 0. MS Project — Track Progress MS Project Once your project plan is ready in MS Project, it becomes essential for a project manager to measure the actuals in terms of work completed, resources used and costs incurred and to revise and change information about tasks and resources due to any changes to the plans.
A Project Manager should not assume that everything is progressing according to plan and should always keep track of each task. Resistance to formal tracking of project management data is normal.
You can overcome resistance to tracking by explaining your expectations, explaining the benefits of tracking, and training people to track the task themselves. Save a Baseline To evaluate project performance you need to create a baseline against which you will compare the progress.
One needs to save the baseline, once a plan is fully developed. Of course, due to rolling wave planning or progressive elaboration needed to manage projects one can always add new tasks, resources, constraints and costs to the plan.
Also note, it makes sense to save the baseline before entering any actual values such as percentage of task completion. These multiple baselines seem contrary to the definition of baseline.
You want to develop separate baseline plans for risk response and recovery. You will see Baseline Gantt bars displayed together with the current Gantt bars. Update the Baseline for the Entire Project This simply replaces the original baseline values with the currently scheduled values.
Update the Baseline for Selected Tasks This does not affect the baseline values for other tasks or resource baseline values in the plan. Save Multiple Baselines You can save up to 11 baselines in a single plan.
The first one is called Baseline, and the rest are Baseline 1 through Baseline It can be used as a project marker. It is visually easy to see how off-track or on-track the project progress is. Because it only specifies dates, it is simple, clear and easy information. But sometimes this approach might be fine when the actual work and cost values generated are close enough to your baseline schedule. Select the current date.
Check marks will appear in the indicators column for tasks that have been completed. On the right in the Chart portion, progress bars are generated in the Gantt bars of each task. This table includes Work Scheduled work , Actual, and Remaining columns.
Click on Task you want to update. For this task, initial scheduled Work was 16 hours, because 24 hours is greater. In the example, a Baseline is saved, because the Baseline does not change and is used as a comparison. Note: Actual work is rolled up and also reflects on the summary task. Change Start or Finish field in Actual group. You can fill Actual duration field as well.
One does not have to finish collecting survey responses before starting the tabulation. Click the box under the Type column and choose the relationship according to your requirement. Under Lag heading column, enter the lag in terms of hours, days, weeks, or years. You can also apply lag or lead as a percentage. As Soon As Possible means the task starts as soon as the project starts, if there are no dependencies that would delay it. So, no fixed start or end dates are imposed by this constraint type, but of course predecessor and successor dependencies are maintained.
Default constraint when you schedule from the project finish date. Do not enter a Flexible task start or finish date with this constraint. As Soon As Task is scheduled to begin as early as possible. Do not enter a start or finish date with this constraint. Start No Earlier Task is scheduled to start on or after a specified date. Must Finish On Task is scheduled to finish on a specified date.
Click dropdown box for Constraint type. Choose the constraint you would like to apply. It is a better idea to use a Deadline Date which has no effect on the scheduling of a task or summary task. MS Project will alert you with a red exclamation symbol in the indicators column, if the scheduled completion of the task exceeds its deadline date.
Enter the cost under the Fixed Cost column for the task of interest. Enter a Recurring Task Status meetings, status reports, inspection dates can recur with a particular frequency. In MS Project , you can specify recurring tasks without having to assign tasks each time separately.
You can also assign resources to these task. Enter Task Name and choose Recurrence pattern. You can also choose a specific time for the task to start as well.
You can add time value in the Start box for Recurring Task Information dialog box to change this. In the following figure, start time of AM is entered. While schedule changes are made, it is also likely that the critical path will change from time to time.
One needs to always focus on the Critical Path first, when one wants to apply fast-tracking or crashing to shorten the project duration. Slack or Float are key to understanding Critical path.
All task bars in the critical path, in the Gantt Chart View on the right, will turn Red in color. Gantt Chart View displays some limited resource information, as shown in the following screenshot. It summarizes whether there may be a problem by the red over allocated icon in the indicator column.
The Resource Usage view displays resources and all tasks assigned to them underneath the Resource Name. The left-hand side of the screen lists the Resources and the Task Names together with columns of total information for the resource or assignment.
The right-hand side shows a time-phased view. Click on Resource Name column heading. Resolve Resource Over Allocation One would need to either change the scope reduce the amount of work , assign more resources, or accept a longer schedule to resolve overallocation.
If you add delay that is less than or equal to the amount of slack on the task, you will not affect the finish date of the project. Substitute Resources or Add Additional Resources You can manually allot some other resource to the task.
You can also right-click on the Time-phased grid in the right hand side window to display amount of overallocation by switching on overallocation. Now you can reduce the assigned hours. In the following example, 8-hour assignment is reduced to 4-hour assignments.
You will also notice a new icon in the indicator column to let you know that the assignment work has been edited. If actual work has been recorded, you must manually reduce the remaining work on the task. Remove Overallocated Resource You can just remove a resource assignment from an overallocated resource.
Level Overallocated Resources If resources are overallocated you can use resource-leveling feature in MS Project It works by either splitting tasks or by adding delay to tasks to ensure the resource is not overloaded.
Leveling can delay the individual task finish dates and even the project finish date. Project does not change who is assigned to each task, total work, or assignment unit values.
Project first delays tasks to use up any available slack. Once the slack becomes zero, MS Project makes changes according to priorities, dependency relationships and task constraints such as a Finish No Later Than constraint. You can enter value between 1 and , according to the amount of control you like in the leveling process.
A priority level of will ensure MS Project does not level a particular task. By default, priority is set at or a medium level of control. Tasks that have lower priority are delayed or split before those that have higher priority. Click on the dropdown box and select Priority. Now you can add priority to each task as required.
Leveling Steps in the Leveling process are only a few, but it is important to understand what each option does. Project does leveling and overallocated indicators are removed If leveling is done completely, sometimes this might not happen. In Resource Leveling dialog box, under Level calculations, try to use Manual more often.
For examples, if a resource is overallocated, for say half an hour more in a week, from 40 hours to Doing so will not level resources, but it will determine when Project displays overallocation indicators next to resource names. In Resource Leveling dialog box, under Level calculations, use the clear leveling values before leveling checkbox is selected. Doing so will ensure Project removes any existing leveling delays from all tasks and assignments before leveling.
Here you choose to level either the entire plan or only assignments that fall within a date range you specify. Numerically higher ID numbers for example, 10 will be delayed before numerically lower ID numbers. You might want to use this option when your plan has no task relationships or constraints. Include a cost column in the entry table next to the duration column. You can also include major function, output, and input columns within the entry table simply by clicking on Insert and then Column and typing in the name of the column, followed by clicking on OK..
To show that a particular task can begin only when the predecessor task has completed, the two tasks must be linked.
After you decide the task sequence, you can link the tasks, as follows. In the task name field, select two or more tasks that you want to link. To avoid confusion, it is best to select only a pair of tasks at a time. The first task you click on will be assumed to be the precedent task and the second task that you click on will be assumed to be the subsequent task.
Click the Link task button on the tool bar. It is the button with the solid chain link icon. MS Project generally links tasks as Finish-to-Start tasks, i. Several precedent tasks can be linked into a single subsequent task, but this has to be done in pairs in which each precedent task is clicked on first, followed by a click on the subsequent task.
In the task name field, double click the task you want to link. The task information dialog box appears. Click the predecessor tab. In the ID field, type the ID number of the predecessor task this is the number in the column to the left of task name field. Click in the Type box and then click the drop down arrow to see the four types of dependency relationships that can be established. You can also select link under the Edit menu item on the menu bar after selecting the pair of tasks to be linked.
In these latter cases, the analyst wants tasks to start together or finish together. To change the link type, identify the starting task by clicking on it.
Select the predecessors tab and click on the link type field. To do so, begin in the Gantt View with the Entry table visible. Slide the partition to the right to expose as much of the entry table as possible. You should see two side-by-side columns the start column and the finish column. By changing any of the dates in these columns, you are setting a hard date constraint. If you do so, a flag will appear in the very first column of the entry table, the column labeled I for information.
If you rest the cursor on that flag, a message appears that informs you of the hard date constraint that has been applied to the task. Only one hard date constraint can be set per task at the start date or at the stop date, but not both. Resources can be places, departments, businesses, people, equipment--anything required to complete an activity. When you create an assignment, you assign a resource to a task. The resource issue makes the project.
You can assign: Individual resources Assign resources part time Several resources Remove resources from a task Replace one resource with another. In the Task name field, select the task to which you have to assign a resource. Click on the assign resource button on the tool bar button with 2 faces on it.
In the Name field, type in the name of the resource. Click assign. This is a bad assumption in the software business because as Brooks [1] pointed out, men and months are not interchangeable unless there is no interaction between them. If you decide to split your job with another person, you will have to spend some time training the other person to do your part of the job.
Then you will have to interact with the other person as the two of you together build the interfaces that are necessary between each person s module s. Clearly, the time is not split in half. In the Task name field, select the task to which you have to remove a resource.
Click on the assign resource button button with 2 faces on it. Select the resource you want to remove. Click Remove. To print the required view,. The numbers to the left will appear automatically if you add the WBS column as demonstrated in class.
The numbers shown in the WBS column above are there to indicate subordination. This is precisely what the 1. Likewise, Management Supervisor Technical Clerical. Notice that, for the walk-throughs, all resources get assigned. MS Project will try to cut the duration to something less than one day.
You must re-set the duration to one day for the walk-throughs once all resources have been assigned. Explain why summary tasks have no stated duration in the table above. Explain why the first subordinate task immediately below a summary task has no predecessor.
The end result of all of these tasks and assignment entries is the following:. It also helps you to determine how closely the final project cost matches its estimated cost and also helps in planning for the future. For hourly rates, you can assign a standard rate, which is the rate you pay a resource during normal working hours. Rate is the amount you will pay the resource for any overtime that it does. To resources that charge a flat amount to do a job, you can assign a fixed cost per use.
On the View baron the left, click Resource sheet 2. In the Std. Rate, Ovt. On the View Bar, click Gantt Chart. On the View menu, click on Table, select Cost from the list and then click on Cost. In the Fixed Cost field for the task, type-in the cost 4. A fixed resource cost is added to other resource costs when MS Project calculates the total cost of a task, but doesn t depend on the time a resource spends working on the task.
In the Task Name field, select a task. On the Window menu, click Split. In the Resource Name field, select the resource name.
If a new, undefined resource is to be assigned, it must be added to the list, so do so. On the format menu, point to details and then click Resource Cost. In the Task type box, click Fixed Duration. In the units field for the resource, type 0 and then click OK 8.
In the Cost field, type the fixed resource cost. On the Window menu, click Remove Split. Notice how this task is displayed on the Gantt Chart. You can:. View cost per resource. View the total project cost. View cost per task The sum of individual task costs make up most if not all of the total project cost. To view the total cost of each task 1. On the vertical View Bar on the left, click Gantt Chart. Select View on the menu bar, click Table, and then choose Cost. Scroll the table on the left to view the Total Cost field.
Alternatively, pull the partition back to the right to view more of the table and less of the Gantt Chart. View the cost per Resource This helps you to know the total cost of that resource for all the tasks the resource is assigned to.
On the vertical View Bar on the left, click Resource Sheet. On the Project menu, click Project Information. Click Statistics. Perhaps you would like to view project costs on the Entry table which is the default table that loads up with MS Project when it is booted. You would like an additional column to appear right after the name field and right before the duration field.
First position the highlight anywhere in the duration column. The click on the insert item on the menu bar. Then, click on Column In the Column Definition dialog box that appears, click on the drop down arrow associated with the Field Name field, the first field in the box.
The list of columns that you can insert appear alphabetized by name. Scroll to cost and click on it. Now, click on the OK button in the upper right corner of the box.
The column now appears in your table exactly where you want it. And, now you can see all of your costs. The main goals of analyzing your project plan are to: Shorten the schedule, to meet project deadline. Distribute the work load evenly, by resolving resource over allocations, so that no resources are overworked. Reduce costs to a minimum, to save money and complete the project within your budget.
The main factors that affect how MS Project determines a task s start and finish dates are: Placement. In a logically ordered set of tasks, the tasks are usually performed in the order in which they appear in the task list. Several factors affect duration, but, in general, the longer the duration you enter, the later a task finishes. Changing the duration may change the task finish date.
Task dependencies. The type of link you establish between two tasks determines whether the successor task starts after the predecessor task is complete. By replacing one type of link with another, you can change the task s start and finish dates and, perhaps the project end date. Overlap and delay. The overlap or lead-time you add between two tasks causes the successor task to begin earlier. The delay or lag time between two tasks causes the successor task to begin later.
You can force a task to start or finish on or near a date you specify by entering a start or finish date yourself or you can change the default constraint, as soon as possible to an inflexible constraint such as Must start on or Finish no later than.
Its however better to let MS Project calculate and, if the schedule changes, recalculate. Assigned resources. When you assign resources to a task, the task duration can change. Generally, more the resources you assign to a task, shorter its duration becomes. If you assign resources to a task, then by default, MS Project calculates a task duration based on the amount of work required to complete the task, the number of resources allotted, the working times and work assigned to the resources.
By changing the amount of work required to accomplish a task, you can change the task duration and thus the final date. Task type. By default each task is a fixed units task. You can change the task type to fixed duration or fixed work.
Tasks that can delay a project are called critical tasks and the ones that do not delay are called non-critical tasks. Critical tasks make up a special path known as the critical path. The critical path is the sequence of tasks that ends on the latest finish date, i. As previously mentioned in the main body of this chapter, the critical path is the longest path through the network and the path that determines the duration of the total project. When you want to shorten the schedule, the critical path has to be shortened.
For one you can right click anywhere in the Gantt Chart, select Gantt Chart Wizard and select Critical Path off the list of options that it gives you. Another way is to change the view as follows: 1. On the view bar, click More views. On the View Bar, click more Views 2. In the Views list, click Detail Gantt, and then click Apply. Slack on a task appears graphically as thin slack bars adjoining the regular Gantt bars.
Drag the divider bar to the right to view the free slack and total slack fields To change the default slack time for critical tasks 1. On the tools menu click Options, and then click the Calculation tab. In the Tasks are critical if slack is less than or equal to box, enter the amount of slack time. Adjusting non-critical tasks will not shorten the schedule. The actions you can take to shorten your schedule fall into two categories. Shorten task duration: This can be done by decreasing the duration directly, by decreasing total work,,assigning more resources to a task, by assigning overtime work and by increasing a resource s work schedule.
Compress the schedule by making the tasks start sooner: This can be done by combining or deleting tasks, breaking down a task into non-critical subtasks, by adding lead time to a task, changing the task dependency, type of task etc. Breaking down a critical task into non critical subtasks 1. On the view bar click more views.
In the Task Name field, select a single task on the critical path that could be completed in several steps. Click Unlink Tasks. Remove the resources assigned to the task.
Select the task beneath the task you want to change, and then click new task on the insert menu. Repeat step 6 for each subtask you want to add. For each new task, type a name in the Task name field and a duration in the Duration field. In the task Name field, select all the new tasks, and then click Indent to make them subtasks of the original task.
Click Link task. Exercises 1. The Irving Companies are a small conglomerate specializing in health-related businesses, from wholesale planning to in-home health care and medical supplies. The company wants to replace its old legacy systems with an ERP system. Define the business case 60 days 2. Specify requirements 10 days 3. Select an ERP vendor 10 days 5.
Install the system 6. Install phase 1 10 days. Install phase 2 10 days 8. Install phase 3 12 days 9. Perform parameterization Parameterize phase 1 22 days Parameterize phase 2 15 days Parameterize phase 3 14 days Perform Testing Test phase 1 of the system 20 days Test phase 2 of the system 20 days Test phase 3 of the system 30 days Conduct Overall testing 5 days Conduct acceptance test 2 days Perform Training Train for phase 1 cut-over 10 days Train for phase 2 cut-over 10 days Train for phase 3 cut-over 12 days Perform Cut-over Perform phase 1 cut-over 2 days Perform phase 2 cut-over 3 days Perform phase 3 cut-over 4 days Assess performance in relation to specs 2 days Closeout 2 days Implement within MS Project.
Determine project duration. Assume one distinct person is assigned to each of the three phases. Decide what precedence relationships you will require. Determine the project overall cost. In the project above, describe some ways to get it completed sooner, without adding resources.
Turn in the hardcopy of the Gantt View of your project with the entry table shown and a cost column included in that table. For the sequence of steps in the problem above, determine the critical path. For the most part, teams manage projects. Introduction to Microsoft Project This document provides an introduction in using Microsoft Project Microsoft Project is a project management application that contains a set of tools to help.
It provides a list of quick tips and shortcuts for familiar features. This guide does NOT replace training. Microsoft Project is a software package designed help managers manage a variety.
Enter task names. Estimate and record how long each task should last. Create a milestone. MS Project Quick Guide 1. Creating a New Project Microsoft Project is a project management software program designed to assist project managers in developing plans, assigning resources to tasks, tracking progress, managing budgets,.
Examples would be File and Analysis. Learn how to create a project, break. One of our mottos is "a quality process creates a quality product. You will use the. Project Management: Intermediate Microsoft Project This document includes instructions for managing resources, updating project plans, and designing visual reports.
Managing Resources in a Project. You must have Microsoft Project or higher installed to complete these procedures. If necessary,. You will: Create a resource calendar. Assign resources to tasks. Assign additional. Project Management is the discipline of planning, organizing, and managing resources to complete a specific goal. Microsoft Project is software that helps you. Start your project Open Project and.
The Assignment Equation The following equation controls the relationship between the Work, Duration, and Assignment Units for a task assignment: Or Or Work: The number of hours of real work effort spent.
Click View and Resource Sheet 2. Slides Steps to Enter Duration: 1. In the Duration column of a task, enter a value, and press Enter on your keyboard Important Points: The default time unit is days, so when you enter 5, this becomes 5. What project management software is, basic concepts, the tasks. Project management M project tutorial Part 1: Project beginning and the Gantt chart Purpose Project management by using Microsoft Project software Introduction Project management is a process of organizing,.
Scheduling Document Creation What is a Schedule in epm? Schedules The epm Schedule application is an integral part of the Portfolio Management suite of applications.
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